XVI, 1; Art. Code reviser issues certificate of review (RCWA 29A.72.020). Repeal or change restrictions: A measure approved by the electors may not be repealed or amended by the legislative assembly for seven years from its effective date, except by a two-thirds vote of the members elected to each house (NDCC Const. VI, 1 and Utah Code 20A-7-102, Laws passed by a two-thirds vote of the members of each house, Const. The guidelines for the format and content of petitions vary by state. 19, 1 and NRS 295.045). Art. 34-1812c, Maine: 21-A M.R.S.A. Ballot title and summary: The secretary of the state and attorney general (W.S.1977 22-24-317). Secretary of state will choose one argument for and one against to print in the voter pamphlet, which is mailed to every household in the state (I.C. III, 5(1)). Timeline for collecting signatures: Once the petition is approved and a serial number is issued, sponsors have until 5 p.m. on the 90th day after the legislature session adjourns. A ballot question committee includes any person, located within or outside Arkansas, who receives contributions or makes expenditures for the purpose of expressly advocating the qualification, disqualification, passage or defeat of any ballot measure. Petition title and summary creation: Secretary of state, official committee that filed and approved by attorney general (O.R.C. 168.32). 11 3), Who can sign the petition: Registered voter in the county in which the petition circulates (F.S.A. Art. Const. Art. The secretary of state writes arguments for and against the measure with information provided by proponents and opponents (Neb.Rev.St. 14, 3), Who can sign the petition: Registered Illinois voters (ILCS Const. Political committees must file a statement of organization. They exist in a variety of forms. 19-123 and A.R.S. 4, Pt. 4, Pt. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (Elec. Art. Cal.Elec.Code 9014; 9016; Cal.Const. 53 7). Const. 6, 1). 48, Init., Pt. Petition sponsors, approved or rewritten by attorney general, Petition sponsors, with approval by secretary of state, Drafted by secretary of state and approved by attorney general, Petition sponsors, approved by attorney general. Original title of the act that is subject to the referendum is included (A.C.A. 19-112), Colorado (Const. What is on each petition: Petition must include full and correct title and text of the law (Const. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Secretary of state verifies the signatures for total number and from two-thirds of the counties (W.S.1977 22-24-316). 1-40-111), Withdrawal process of individual signature: Written request prior to submission of signed petitions (C.R.S.A. General review of petition: Reviews done by attorney general and legislative services division (MCA 13-27-202). Art. concerning (statement of subject) and voters have filed a sufficient referendum petition on this bill. 116.030). Art. In some states, the legislature or governor may order a special election for a measure. N.R.S. Proponents write title. Who can sign the petition: Qualified voters (SDCL 2-1-6). Public review or notice: The secretary of state and county clerks post items to the secretary of states website and newspapers. Legislature may amend with three-fourths vote but only to further the purpose of the measure (A.R.S. Prepared by state auditor, and proponents may submit proposed review. The secretary of state shall not accept for filing any initiative or referendum petition which interferes with the legislative prerogative contained in the Constitution of Nebraska that the necessary revenue of the state and its governmental subdivisions shall be raised by taxation in the manner as the legislature may direct (NRS 32-1408). Washington: Code reviser or assistant code reviser reviews the proposal of the initial petition and recommends revisions or alterations in an advisory capacity only. Op. Art. 3519.03; 3519.01; 3519.062; 3505.063). 3, 17). Art. Withdrawal process of individual signature: May not remove after official submission of petitions (O.R.S. 100.371, 101.161; F.S.A. Art. Initiative and referendum are powers granted to the electorate by the constitution of several states, and refer to the processes that allow voters to vote directly on certain legislation. Code 107, 18680. 7-9-104). Const. Const. 22-24-306 (W.S.1977 22-24-314). Cannot in the last five years have been convicted of a crime involving fraud, forgery or identification theft or subject to a civil penalty due to an election offense. May remove no later than 120 days prior to the next general election. Proponents submit a suggested popular name, to be approved or disapproved by the secretary of state. Art. Illinois: For accuracy and fairness, the attorney general may rewrite arguments for or against prepared by legislature. 19-112). However, in about half of the 24 initiative states, proponents can get drafting assistance to improve the quality and consistency of initiative proposals. 218D.810; 293.267; 295.015; 293.252). For amendments, 10 % of the total qualified electors of the state (MT CONST Art. 116.060. Petitions must be submitted not later than 90 days after the final adjournment of the legislature; if that deadline falls on a Saturday, the office of the secretary of state must be open from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.. Const. 48, Init., Pt. Like the initiative and referendum, recall originated in Switzerland, where it was made applicable to the entire legislature as well as to individual officials. Types allowed: Indirect initiative for statutes, direct initiative for constitutional amendments, and popular referendum, Single subject rule: Yes (O.R.C. 11 3), Collected in-person: No direct statute (F.S.A. Application process information: Application is filed on a form provided by the secretary of state and must contain the sponsor's name, or if an organization, the names and titles of its officers; address; intent to circulate and file a petition; a description of not more than 200 words of the principal provisions of the measure and the full text, in no less than 8-point font; and application for an official serial number. 3, 53. Must also be verified on the back of signature sheets by the person who circulated those sheets by an affidavit along with the signature and title of the officer before whom the oath was made (34 Okl.St.Ann. Legislature reviews the indirect statutory initiatives. For statutory initiatives, 7% of votes cast for governor in last election. . Who creates petitions: Secretary of state approves the format and printers proof (C.R.S.A. Legislature or other government official review: Legislature reviews the indirect statutory initiatives. Art. 15, 273), Ballot title and summary: Attorney general (Miss. Number of signatures required: 5% of total votes cast for all candidates for governor in the last general election (Const. 8). CONST. Timeline for collecting signatures: Signatures may be collected as soon as petition is approved and must be submitted to counties four weeks prior to the deadline (MCA 13-27-301). Timeline for collecting signatures: Signatures may be signed at any time after an act is passed (Const. The filing procedure described in statute does not appear to apply to referendum petitions, every initiative petition for a proposed law or amendment to the state constitution (CRS 1-40-105). Full text is printed on ballot if it is 200 words or less; if it is more than 200 words, the secretary of state drafts a title. Where to file with: Lieutenant governor (U.C.A. Amend. A voter desiring to vote in favor of the law that is the subject of the referendum shall mark the square adjacent to the word "For" (Utah Code 20A-7-309). U.C.A. LXXIV, 2 and M.G.L.A. If it passes, it becomes law. Code 9006). Petition title and summary creation: Secretary of state and approved by attorney general (V.A.M.S. Art. The legislature can provide for a different effective date with a two-thirds vote of the membership of each house (Const. Number of signatures required: 10% of those who voted in the preceding general election (AS 15.45.370(2)(A)). Art. 100.371; 16.061). Registration is made on a form prescribed by the secretary of state and includes the ballot question or title of the measure for which the organizer will receive compensation, contact information, the name and signature of a designated agent and a list of the names of all people hired to circulate petitions and the manner in which they are compensated (21-A MRS 903-C). Const. Persons involved in a statewide initiative or referendum process are subject to the provisions of the Nebraska Political Accountability and Disclosure Act. III, 52(b) and Mo.Rev.Stat. VI, 1 and Utah Code 20A-7-301(2)). Art. Art. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (SDCL 2-1-10). Direct primaries. Art. Repeal or change restrictions: Governor may not veto (MT CONST Art. Ohio ballot board; proponents may suggest title. Alaska: Lieutenant governor reviews within 60 days of receiving (AS 15.45.150). May amend the initiative with three-fourths vote, but may only amend to further the purpose of the measure. and more. 19-111), Proponent organization and requirements: Must follow financial guidelines, including non-candidate committee to act as sponsor, designating chair and treasurer, sworn statements, spending reports, bank account established, quarterly and pre-election reports (A.R.S. Art. Petition title and summary creation: The secretary of state (W.S.1977 22-24-310). Art. Withdrawal process of individual signature: A registered elector who signs a petition may withdraw his or her signature from the petition by filing a written request for such withdrawal with the secretary of state at any time on or before the day that the petition is filed with the secretary of state (CRS 1-40-109(3)). Art. Which election is a measure on: Next general election or a special election if ordered by the legislature (RCWA Const. 8). Rev. Art. V, 7). Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Submission deadline three months and three weeks prior to election (C.R.S.A. Nonpartisan staff of general assembly prepare summary, analysis and fiscal review (C.R.S.A. Petitions must be submitted no later than 5 p.m. 90 days after the final adjournment of the legislative session. The use of the initiative and referendum (I&R) process has ebbed and flowed throughout U.S. history. 5, 57; Art. The secretary of state shall vacate the certification of the official ballot title within three days of receiving notice of the withdrawal (Mo.Rev.Stat. Art. 4, Pt. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (MCA 13-27-302). 22-24-412). Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. Number of signatures required: 10% of the total number of votes cast in the last general election; or 25% to suspend operation of the act until the election (Const. Application process information: Proponents submit petition signed by 20 voters. Art. Signers must be residents in at least three-fourths of the state house districts, and signatures in each house district must equal in number at least 7% of those who voted in the preceding general election, 3% of total votes cast for the office of governor from at least 15 counties. Art. Legislature or other government official review: The Legislative Research Council also provides written comments to the attorney general (SDCL 12-13-25; 12-13-25.1). California is one of two dozen states that gives voters these checks on elected officials. When formed as a ballot question committee, it must file campaign statements and other forms with the Nebraska Accountability and Disclosure Commission, all on a set timeline (NRS 49-1401). Const. Law 6-203(c)). Circulator oaths or affidavits: No, but they certify that each signature was in their presence and that they believe each individual is an elector (O.R.S. Collected in-person: Yes (NRS 295.0575). Art. Art. Application process information: A petition requesting a referendum and suspension of the law must be signed by ten qualified voters and filed not more than 30 days after the law that is the subject of the petition has become law (Const. Submission deadline for signatures: Ninety days after the law is filed by the governor in the office of the secretary of state (Const. Stat. 19, 3; N.R.S. Reports are monthly during election years and annually in nonelection years. In 2021, Idaho passed, Collected in-person: Yes (I.C. These may be accepted or rejected (Neb. Art. A person also qualifies as a ballot measure committee if 2% or more of its annual revenues, operating expenses or funds are used to make contributions to another ballot measure committee which exceed $10,000 in value. Verification: For each signature, county clerk verifies if the person is a registered voter (Utah Code 20A-7-306(3) and -306.3). 14, 3), Which election is a measure on: General election (ILCS Const. 106.19, 100.371, 120.54, Idaho: I.C. Which election is a measure on: At general elections, except when a special election is ordered by the legislature (V.A.M.S. Legislature reviews the measure as submitted to it by the proponents. Thirteen states require a voter pamphlet or booklet, usually mailed to every voter or household: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah and Washington. This practice was first adopted by the state of Connecticut in 1818, and by the 20th century it had become the prevailing way of changing constitutions. Art. Withdrawal process of individual signature: None, "An elector's name may not be removed by the elector from a petition that has been submitted to and received by the secretary of state" (NDCC 16.1-01-09(5)). States with geographic requirements using entities that are unequal in population, such as counties or even state legislative districts, are more likely to have the requirement challenged in court (for example, see Montana). Who can sign the petition: Qualified electors (Const. 3, 50; V.A.M.S. Sponsors of advertising must file a report within 24 hours of the time the advertisement is published, mailed or otherwise revealed to the public if the advertisement qualifies as an independent expenditure or has a fair market value or actual cost of $1,000 or more (RCW 42.17A.260). Rev. Const. 3519.04). 22-24-413). Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but may not be limited to organizations supporting or opposing ballot measures considered political action committees and can be considered an unlimited committee, unlimited contributions to unlimited committees, and filing statements of organization and when contributions are made of greater than $1,000 (34 Okl.St.Ann. Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: No (Const. OK Const. Application process information: File an exact printed copy of petition as it will be used for signature gathering (A.C.A. Const. 14, 3). 55, 22). (21-A MRS 905). A post-election report is due by Jan. 7. Idaho: Within 20 days after initial petition filing, attorney general reviews and recommends revisions in an advisory capacity. Electronic reports of contributions and expenditures must be filed according to a specified schedule. CONST. Const. For constitutional amendments, signatures must be gathered from 10% of qualified electors in each of two-fifths (40) of the state's 100 legislative districts. 2). Application process information: Text and proposed ballot statements are submitted to secretary of state. Repeal or change restrictions: None (Const. What is on each petition: The petitions must have a copy of the bill, an impartial summary, a warning, space for signatures, and if the circulator is paid (W.S.1977 22-24-304; 22-24-310; 22-24-311). General review of petition: None other found. 48, Init., Pt. The title may be different from the legislative title, but in all cases the legislative title shall be sufficient (Const. 250.105). And if raising more than $5,000 in a year, the entity must register as a ballot question committee and then must file Campaign Statements and other forms with the Nebraska Accountability and Disclosure Commission, all on a set timeline (Neb.Rev.St. Art. Ballot title and summary: Ohio ballot board. (21-A M.R.S.A. Code 9014). M.G.L.A. 7-9-404; 406; 407; 408; 409). Art. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (RCW 29A.72.030). Other subject restrictions: May not repeal/modify the state's Bill of Rights, amend/repeal provisions relating to the state's public employees' retirement system, amend/repeal right-to-work provision, or modify the initiative process, and special rules if includes expenditures (MS Const. Geographic distribution: None (MCL 168.471 requirement that no more than 15% come from a single congressional district was found unconstitutional in AG opinion 7310, May 2019). Const. 3, 4; MCA 13-27-301; 13-27-202). Art. Eighteen months for collection, and then sponsors must submit signatures no later than six months before the election and can only start collecting the day after the previous general election. 3, 17(1)). For statutory, 5% of total vote for governor in last election in each of two-thirds of the state's congressional districts. 23-17-1; 23-17-3). XVII, 1; Art. The attorney general reviews the ballot title after signed petitions are turned in (34 Okl.St.Ann. 2, 8; Cal.Elec.Code 9016. Collected in-person: Yes (MCL 168.482a(5)).. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Not specified. Application process information: State Board of Elections is empowered to adopt regulations specifying procedures for filing and circulating petitions (Elec. This bill would (concise description). Const. Art. Art. Submission deadline for signatures: By midnight (NDCC 16.1-01-09(7)) within 90 days of the date the legislation was signed by the governor and filed with the secretary of state (Const. This page provides state primary and presidential election dates for 2024 when legislative, congressional, gubernatorial, statewide office and presidential primary contests will be on the ballots in 46 states. 48, Pt. Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: To be voted on at the next regular or general election subsequent to 125 days after the supplementary petition is filed (OH Const. Const. Art. 4, Pt. States vary in the way popular referendum questions are posed. General review of petition: Secretary of state reviews and processes the petition, along with the attorney general and the Supreme Court (34 Okl.St.Ann. The initiative power extends only to laws which the legislature may enact. Then Repeal or change restrictions: No veto from governor, and legislature may pass statutes normally (V.A.M.S. 3519.22). Number of signatures required: Not more than 5 % of the qualified electors, based on the total number of votes cast for governor at the last preceding gubernatorial elections (Const. 353, M.G.L.A. 3519.16). If the legislature rejects the measure, the legislature may propose an alternative measure (with the approval of the governor), and it will appear on the ballot along with the original initiative. Art. IV, 1). Amend. Const. Circulator requirements: According to secretary of state's. IV, 1). St. 32-1414). Legislature or other government official review: For indirect statute petitions, the legislature has 40 session days to pass or reject the unchanged or un-amended measure. Withdrawal of petition: No process specified. Number of signatures required: 6% of total votes cast for the office of governor in the last general election (Const. Indirect initiatives can require two rounds of signature gathering, so timelines and deadlines for these are more complex. 3, 1). A requirement for 5% of the registered voters in two-fifths of the counties each was held unconstitutional, but that case was vacated because of an issue of standing. Art. There is a 15-day cure period after a statement of insufficiency is issued by the secretary of state, and proponents may deliver additional signatures during this time.
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